ELEMENTS OF ART:
The visual
components of colour, form, line, shape, space, texture, and value.
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Line
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An element of art
defined by a point moving in space. Line may be two-or three-dimensional,
descriptive, implied, or abstract.
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Shape
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An element of art that is two-dimensional,
flat, or limited to height and width.
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Form
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An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume;
includes height, width AND depth (as in a cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a
cylinder).
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Value
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The lightness or darkness of tones or colours.
White is the lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway between
these extremes is called middle grey.
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Colour
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An element of art made up of three
properties: hue, value, and intensity.
• Hue: name of colour
• Value: hue’s lightness and
darkness
• Intensity: quality of brightness and purity
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Space
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An element of art by which positive and
negative areas are defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art.
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Texture
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An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look as if
they might feel if touched.
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PRINCIPLES OF ART:
Balance,
emphasis, movement, proportion, rhythm, unity, and variety; the means an artist
uses to organize elements within a work of art.
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Rhythm
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A principle of
design that indicates movement, created by the careful placement of repeated
elements in a work of art to cause a visual tempo or beat.
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Balance
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A way of combining elements to add a feeling
of equilibrium or stability to a work of art. Major types are symmetrical and
asymmetrical
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Emphasis (contrast)
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A way of combining elements to stress the differences between those
elements.
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Proportion
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A principle of design that refers to the
relationship of certain elements to the whole and to each other.
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Gradation
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A way of combining elements by using a series of gradual changes in
those elements. (Large shapes to small shapes, dark hue to light hue, etc).
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Harmony
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A way of combining similar elements in an
artwork to accent their similarities (achieved through use of repetitions and
subtle gradual changes).
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Variety
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A principle of design concerned with diversity or contrast. Variety is
achieved by using different shapes, sizes, and/or colours in a work of art.
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Movement
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A principle of design used to create the look
and feeling of action and to guide the viewer’s eye throughout the work of
art.
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