FORM OF PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
Positive
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Negative
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Question
| |
no differences
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I had spoken.
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I had not spoken.
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Had I spoken?
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For irregular verbs, use the past participle form . For regular verbs, just add ed.
Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ed
Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ed
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Example
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after final e, only add d
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love – loved
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final consonant after a short, stressed vowel
or l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled |
admit – admitted
travel – travelled |
final y after a consonant becomes i
|
hurry – hurried
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USE OF PAST PERFECT
- ACTION TAKING PLACE BEFORE A CERTAIN TIME IN THE PAST (PUTTING EMPHASIS ONLY ON THE FACT, NOT THE DURATION)
EXAMPLE: BEFORE I CAME HERE, I HAD SPOKEN TO JACK.
- CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE III (CONDITION THAT WAS NOT GIVEN IN THE PAST)
EXAMPLE: IF I HAD SEEN HIM, I WOULD HAVE TALKED TO HIM.
SIGNAL WORDS
already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day (with reference to the past, not the present)
